W-Band Series-Fed Patch Antenna Array for Next-Generation Automotive Radar

This W-Band array is one of Tetra Elements’ flagship designs, showcasing our expertise in millimeter-wave engineering, beam-forming control, and antenna-system integration. The same design platform can be custom-tuned for other frequency bands, beam-width targets, or bandwidth goals, supporting both narrow-band and broadband radar applications. It represents a simulation-verified, production-ready solution that bridges high-frequency design precision with real-world manufacturability—ready for integration into commercial radar, sensing, and research systems.

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W-Band Series-Fed Patch Antenna

Electro-Thermal Optimization of a High-Density PCB

This project highlights Tetra Elements’ capability to deliver multi-domain simulations that accurately connect electrical and thermal behavior. By integrating electromagnetic and CFD-based thermal modeling, our team helps clients optimize PCB designs for efficiency, reliability, and manufacturability — from power delivery to complete system cooling.

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PCB simulation

Microstrip Antenna Systems for Wi-Fi Router

Designed, packaged, and optimized microstrip antenna systems tailored for Wi-Fi router applications. This project focused on incorporating integrated housing components to enhance performance and applying advanced impedance matching techniques to ensure efficient signal transmission and reception. The result was a high-performance antenna system seamlessly integrated into router designs for superior connectivity.

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• Resonant Frequency: Identification of the primary frequency at which the antenna operates efficiently.
• Impedance Matching: The achieved matching to 50 ohms or desired system impedance, often indicated by the return loss (S11) plot.
• Bandwidth: The frequency range over which the antenna maintains an acceptable performance level (typically defined by S11 < -20 dB).
• Gain: The simulated peak gain value and its directionality in dBi, showing the antenna's ability to direct power.
• Radiation Pattern: The 2D or 3D distribution of the radiated power, indicating the main lobes and side lobes.
• Efficiency: The radiation efficiency, which measures the proportion of power effectively radiated by the antenna.
• Antenna Dimensions: The summary of physical dimensions used in the simulation that affect resonant frequency and bandwidth.
• VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio): The ratio indicating how well the antenna is impedance-matched to the transmission line, ideally close to 1.
• Polarization: The type of polarization (e.g., linear, circular) observed in the simulation results.
• Simulation Settings: Details on the simulation environment, including boundary conditions and mesh setup for accurate results.
• Impact of Ground Plane Size: Observations on how the ground plane size influences performance parameters.
• Optimization Iterations: Any changes made during the design process to achieve better performance, like adjusting the shorting pin or feed position.

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Antenna Design

Solar Panel Structure

• Material Selection and Thermal Insulation: Careful consideration of materials and insulation to mitigate thermal-induced stresses and deformations.
• Vibration Damping: Implementing damping strategies to reduce vibrations in resonance-prone areas identified through modal analysis.
• Structural Reinforcement: Strengthening the structure to withstand dynamic loading conditions, especially during severe weather events.
• Buckling Prevention: Additional bracing or strengthening to prevent buckling under extreme loads.

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Solar Panel Structure

Braided Self-Expanding Stent Project

• Optimized Material Selection: Ensuring structural integrity and biocompatibility of chosen materials.
• Stress Concentration Analysis: Identifying and minimizing stress concentration areas for enhanced durability.
• Strut Geometry Enhancement: Optimizing strut shape and size for radial strength and tissue safety.
• Deployment Simulation: Refining stent deployment mechanisms for procedural precision.
• Flexibility and Conformity: Gauging adaptability to diverse vessel geometries while mitigating risks.
• Fatigue Analysis: Predicting potential fatigue failure over time for extended device reliability.
• Balloon-Stent Interaction: Optimizing compatibility during stent deployment procedures.
• Contact Pressure Study: Understanding pressure distribution to prevent tissue damage.
• Biomechanical Compatibility: Ensuring safe stress levels within the vascular environment.
• Radiopacity Enhancement: Enhancing visibility during medical imaging for procedural accuracy.

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Braided Self-Expanding Stent

Electric Scooter Battery Project

• Electrical sizing of the battery pack: Evaluated the number of cells in series and parallel to achieve the desired power capacity
• Thermal analysis of the battery pack: Determined the level of heat generation and temperature distribution within the cell and pack
• Cooling solution proposal: Designed and thermal analysis of different cooling solutions based on the results of thermal analysis of the battery pack and the client specific needs
• Cooling solution optimization: Fine tuning the selected cooling solution to achieve an acceptable performance level and to prevent/manage thermal runaways
• Material selection: Evaluation of alternative materials for different parts of the battery pack including busbar, thermal pad, enclosure, and cell support to avoid battery pack heating and mitigate the potential risks

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Electric Scooter Battery Project

Nanostructured Solar-Cell Simulation Project

• Enhanced Light Trapping: The simulation results highlight that the nanostructured arrangement of nano-textured surfaces effectively increases the light trapping capabilities of the solar cell.
• Disordered Nanostructures: The disordered arrangement of nanostructures in the solar cell design offers advantages over regular or periodic structures. The random arrangement increases the surface area and path length of light, leading to improved light absorption and reduced losses.
• Optimization Potential: The simulation provides insights into the optimal arrangement of nanostructures for maximum performance.
• Scalability and Cost-effectiveness: Nanostructured solar cells offer potential for scalable and cost-effective manufacturing processes. The simulation results demonstrate that these solar cells can be fabricated using low-cost techniques, making them promising candidates for widespread adoption in renewable energy systems.
• Promoting Sustainable Energy: The simulation project contributes to the development of sustainable energy solutions.

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Solar-Cell Simulation Project

Optical Sensor Project

• Metal Nanostructures Array Design: In this project, we designed and simulated a novel metal nanostructures array. The array was carefully crafted to maximize the efficiency and sensitivity of the optical sensor, enabling advanced sensing capabilities.
• Enhanced Sensitivity and Detection: Through our simulations, we demonstrated the significant enhancement in the sensor's sensitivity and detection capabilities. The innovative arrangement of metal nanostructures on a metal ground separated by a dielectric substrate resulted in improved light-matter interactions, boosting the sensor's performance.
• Customizable Design Flexibility: The optical sensor's design was made highly flexible and customizable. This allowed us to adapt the sensor's characteristics to meet specific application requirements, making it versatile for a wide range of sensing tasks in various industries.
• State-of-the-Art Simulations: Our team utilized state-of-the-art simulation tools and techniques to model and analyze the performance of the optical sensor accurately. The simulations provided precise insights into the behavior and characteristics of the metal nanostructures array, ensuring reliable results.
• Potential for Advancements: The successful completion of this project opens doors to further advancements. With the foundational knowledge gained from the simulations, there is immense potential for continued research and development to optimize the sensor's performance even further.

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Optical Sensor Project

Machinery Robot Arm Project

• Material Selection: Explore alternative materials with higher strength-to-weight ratios to enhance structural integrity while reducing weight.
• Reinforcement and Redesign: Strengthen critical areas experiencing high stress concentrations through reinforcement techniques, such as additional bracing or optimized geometry.
• Damping Mechanisms: Implement damping techniques to minimize vibrations and improve stability during machinery robot operation.
• Component Resizing: Resize components that experience excessive deflection or stress to ensure compliance with desired performance criteria, thereby improving overall reliability and efficiency.

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Machinery Robot Arm Project

PCB Electric Board Heat Transfer project

• Thermal Interface Materials: Evaluate and select appropriate thermal interface materials to enhance heat transfer between the components and heat sinks, reducing thermal resistance.
• Enhanced Airflow: Modify the cooling system to improve airflow within the enclosure, ensuring better heat dissipation and minimizing temperature rise.
• Component Placement: Optimize the placement of heat-generating components on the PCB to minimize the concentration of heat and promote more uniform temperature distribution.
• Thermal Via Optimization: Adjust the placement and size of thermal vias to enhance heat conduction from critical components to the inner layers of the PCB.

Riser pipe stability project

• Material Selection: Evaluate alternative materials with higher strength and fatigue resistance to improve the overall structural performance and increase the Riser pipe's stability margin.
• Reinforcement and Redesign: Strengthen critical areas prone to high stresses or buckling using reinforcement techniques such as additional bracing, thicker sections, or optimized geometry.
• VIV Suppression Devices: Consider the implementation of VIV suppression devices or measures to reduce the detrimental effects of vortex-induced vibrations, ensuring enhanced stability and fatigue resistance.
• Fatigue Mitigation: Implement design modifications, such as smoother transitions, fillets, or stress-relief features, to minimize stress concentrations and extend the fatigue life of the Riser pipe.

Railroad Buckling Analysis under Heat

• Track Geometry Modifications: Adjust the track geometry, such as rail section dimensions or cross-sectional profiles, to enhance stability and minimize the risk of buckling under thermal expansion.
• Expansion Joint Placement: Install expansion joints strategically along the track to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction, reducing thermal stresses and minimizing the potential for buckling.
• Rail Material Selection: Evaluate rail materials with improved thermal stability and low coefficient of thermal expansion to minimize thermal-induced stresses and buckling tendencies.
• Track Support and Fastening System: Optimize the support and fastening system to ensure proper load distribution and adequate restraint, reducing the potential for buckling under thermal expansion.

Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC) Project

• Material Selection: Evaluate alternative plasmonic materials with higher refractive indices or better compatibility with the PIC fabrication process to enhance the plasmonic resonance effects.
• Waveguide Geometry Optimization: Fine-tune the dimensions, shapes, or profiles of the waveguide structures to match the plasmonic resonant modes and enhance the light-plasmon coupling efficiency.
• Plasmonic Mode Engineering: Tailor the properties of the PIC components, such as nanostructures, cavities, or gratings, to control and manipulate specific plasmonic resonant modes, allowing for custom-designed functionalities.
• Loss Mitigation: Minimize the material and propagation losses within the PIC through optimized fabrication processes, surface treatments, or design modifications, ensuring enhanced plasmonic resonance efficiency.

Lumbar Spine Project

• Clinical Applications: The results of this FEA simulation analysis can contribute to the development of improved treatment strategies, surgical planning, and orthopedic device design. The findings can assist healthcare professionals in assessing the impact of various loading scenarios on the lumbar spine and aid in optimizing interventions and rehabilitation protocols.
• Injury Prevention: Based on the identified stress concentrations and vulnerable regions, it is recommended to focus on preventive measures to mitigate the risk of spinal injuries. This may include promoting proper ergonomics, education on lifting techniques, and exercises to strengthen supporting musculature.